债限危机解除 麦卡锡议长地位未稳 依然承受极右翼压力
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白宫与国会共和党这次虽然达成债务上限协议,让众议院议长麦卡锡暂时坐稳了位置,但他在党内依然承受保守阵营极大压力,无论是自身地位还是主导政策的影响力,都继续面对威胁。
美联社报道,麦卡锡在谈判期间多次与总统拜登角力,最终又促成共和、民主两党的温和派合作,让法案以大比数通过众院。表决有了结果后,麦卡锡批评媒体每星期都问同样问题,自己“能否通过法案?能否保住议长位置”,外界可以继续轻视共和党,但他和党友不会放弃。
回顾本届国会就职时,麦卡锡经过15轮表决才成为议长,而他在争取共和党保守派支持期间,同意向对方交出多项权力,因此政坛普遍形容,他是国家近年来最弱势的议长。这次债限风波解决后麦卡锡虽然胜利,一方面可说巩固了自己的地位,但同时也为日后埋下了不稳定因素。分析形容,代表保守阵营的“自由党团”(Freedom
Caucus)对协议内容极为不满,以至于众院表决时,共和党的反对票数比民主党还要多,保守派现在只是票数不足无法逼宫,将来条件成熟时就可能对麦卡锡下手。
值得注意的是,当初麦卡锡成为议长时,同意降低众院罢免议长的门槛,只需1名议员提案就可启动程序,换言之保守派可以随时行动。
政坛相信,前总统特朗普的态度对此颇有影响,这次府会达成债限协议后,特朗普并未高调批评。正在爱荷华举行竞选活动的特朗普,在当地接受电台访问时表示,麦卡锡“非常努力”。
共和党自从保守派势力崛起后,接连几任议长都遭受压力。2015年时任议长博纳(John
Boehner)被赶下台,随后的议长赖恩(Paul Ryan)也因不愿承受压力,而在2022年辞职。
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