根据中国气象局、国家空间天气监测预警中心监测,北京时间昨天(1日)20时到23时,受太阳日冕物质抛射影响,地球发生了“全球磁场指数”为7的大地磁暴。“全球磁场指数”是一个衡量地球磁场活动的指标,它的取值范围是0—9,数字越大,说明地球磁场活动越强烈。
日冕物质抛射是典型的太阳爆发,在太阳黑子强大的磁场驱动下,数亿吨甚至数万亿吨的日冕物质被以每秒数百到上千千米的高速抛出,随之形成类似爆炸的冲击波,冲击波快速传递到太阳系的各处。在其作用下,地球磁场发生方向以及大小的明显变化,地磁暴随之发生。随着磁暴活动的逐渐加强,地球高层大气被不断加热,进而膨胀并扩散至更高的空间中,这给航天器在轨飞行造成了额外的阻力,产生类似拖拽的减速作用,降低航天器轨道高度。
当下正处在太阳第25活动周的上升期,截至目前,今年过往的每一天里太阳表面都存在着黑子,少则一两个,多则十多个,对比2019年,281天零黑子的情况反差巨大。黑子活动区就是太阳爆发的源头,这里是太阳表面磁场最强、能量最密集的地方,典型的事件如耀斑、日冕物质抛射,往往都来自太阳黑子。
明年仍是太阳活动高年 发生磁暴几率大
根据目前太阳黑子数变化情况来判断未来太阳活动的势头,2024年仍然是太阳活动的高年。这就意味着至少在这个冬天里,我国北方还有看到极光的可能性。
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