美CDC:年龄、家族...都会提高乳癌机率
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美国联邦预防医学服务专案小组9日提出乳癌照护预防新准则,建议女性40岁起开始定期接受乳癌筛检;美国联邦疾病防治中心(CDC)的资料显示,年龄、病史、家族、基因等因素,都会提高罹患乳癌机率。
根据美国CDC,影响乳癌罹患风险的因素包括,致密性纤维乳房(dense breast
tissue),乳房纤维腺体密度高,可能会遮挡住肿块类病灶的呈现,降低检查敏感性与诊断正确率;家族史也是因素之一,母亲、姊妹或女儿等直系亲属,以及双方都有多名罹患乳癌或卵巢癌亲属的人,罹癌风险较高。
另外,乳癌罹患风险会随年纪增加;而有BRCA1和BRCA2基因者,罹患乳癌和卵巢癌的风险较高;曾确诊乳癌者,二次罹癌的风险较高;其他风险还包括不运动、超重或肥胖、停经后使用贺尔蒙替代疗法或口服避孕药以及饮酒等因素。
9日公布的新建议适用所有罹患乳癌风险普通且没有任何症状的女性或生为女性者,包括乳房纤维属致密性与有家族病史的女性。
专案小组建议,乳房X光筛查每两年一次就可以,因为研究显示年度乳房筛查在侦测二期乳癌和其他危险肿瘤上,并未优于每两年一次;且模型研究也估计,两年一次检测的益处与伤害比率较每年一次好。
根据法律规定,所有保险公司每年都必须为有意接受检测的女性,提供乳房X光筛查。
整体来说,新准则能将乳癌存活率提高至近20%,且在每1000名女性中,防止1.3名女性因罹患乳癌而死亡。
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